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The pygmy seahorses comprise several species of tiny seahorse in the syngnathid family or Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefish). Family Syngnathidae is part of order Syngnathiformes, which contains fishes with fused jaws that suck food into tubular mouths. They are found in Southeast Asia in the Coral Triangle area. They are some of the smallest seahorse species in the world, typically measuring less than in height.〔Lourie, S.A., Foster, S.J., Cooper, E.W.T. and Vincent, A.C.J. (2004) ''A Guide to the Identification of Seahorses.'' Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America, Washington D.C..〕〔(Bargibant's seahorse ). Accessed 2012-11-02.〕 The first pygmy seahorse known to science was ''Hippocampus bargibanti''. At least six more species were named after 2000. The first species discovered lives exclusively on fan corals and matches their colour and appearance. So effective is pygmy seahorse camouflage that it was discovered only when a host gorgonian was being examined in a laboratory. Other species live on soft corals or are free-ranging among seagrasses and algae.〔Reijnen, B.T., van der Meij, S.E.T., van Ofwegen, L.P. (2011) "Fish, fans and hydroids: host species of pygmy seahorses." ''ZooKeys'' 103: 1-26.〕 ==Description== The pygmy seahorse is both tiny and well camouflaged. It is very difficult to spot amongst the sea grasses, soft corals, or gorgonians (sea fans) that it inhabits. Other distinctive pygmy seahorse characteristics include a fleshy head and body, a very short snout, and a long, prehensile tail. With their short snouts, they have the appearance of baby animals. Pygmy seahorses are long from the tip of the tail to the end of the snout, so that their vertical height while swimming is still smaller.〔Smith, Richard E. (Pygmy seahorse research )〕 An adult may be as small as long.〔(Fishes of Australia: ''H. bargibanti'' ). Accessed 2012-11=02.〕 True pygmy seahorses have distinctive morphological markers.〔 * Unlike other seahorses, they have a single gill opening on the back of the head, instead of two on the sides. * Males brood their young inside their trunk, instead of in a pouch on the tail. Males and females are distinguished by openings at the bottom of the trunk: females have a tiny, raised round pore for extruding eggs and males have a fore-and-aft slit for accepting them.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pygmy seahorse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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